Random Number Generator

Random Number Generator

A random number generator (RNG) is a tool or algorithm that generates a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by a random chance. These numbers are typically used for various purposes such as generating random numbers for games, simulations, cryptography, and statistical sampling.

RNGs can be classified into two main categories: hardware-based and software-based. Hardware-based RNGs use physical processes, such as radioactive decay or electronic noise, to generate random numbers. Software-based RNGs use mathematical algorithms to generate random numbers.

One of the most common types of software-based RNGs is the pseudorandom number generator (PRNG). A PRNG uses mathematical algorithms to generate a sequence of numbers that appears random, but is actually deterministic. This means that the sequence of numbers can be reproduced given a starting point, called a seed.

In practice, most RNGs used in applications are pseudorandom number generators. These generators are used in almost all programming languages, and in most operating systems.

It's important to note that RNGs are not completely random, and can be predictable if the seed or the algorithm used is known. So, it's crucial to use well-vetted libraries and algorithms for critical applications like cryptography and security.